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"You'd best start believing in ghost stories, Miss Turner. You're in one!" - Capt Barbosa

Quite aside from being one of my favorite cinematic sequences purely on the outstanding visuals and immersive storytelling, it's also a clever meta commentary of sorts: Ghost stories are a type of Horror story, which as previously discussed is a variation on morality tales (specifically, cautionary tales)... Which the fate that has befallen the pirates ("cursed for our greed we were") clearly illustrates. Barbosa is 'living' a form of eternal damnation and searching desperately for a means of redemption.

"The moonlight shows us for what we really are..."

Alas, redemption lies beyond the grasp of these hypocrites. They can pretend at humanity in the light of day, but their 'nature' (undead) is revealed at night. It's an interesting reversal of it being daylight that typically reveals truth in such tales (the harsh light of dawn banishing the illusions and dreams of night), but OTOH it plays well into the primal association of darkness with death, their exposure in moonlight metaphorically matching their undead status as a pale reflection/shadow of true life/light.

It's not just a matter of form and flesh (or lack thereof) though, it's that their 'nature' (character) is likewise rotten: they're still as greedy and treacherous as ever, enduring the curse has taught them nothing. They want escape from their undeath, but they 'regret' what they did only in that they dislike the negative consequences they now suffer, there's no genuine repentance or desire to become better; they only want to regain their humanity in the physical sense, not to cleanse their souls of their sins and become 'humane' in any sense. Barbosa is the unrepentant sinner; always looking for a way out of his punishment, but not even trying to change the behavior that earned it for him in the first place.

I think someone once said "the only story worth telling is of a man in conflict with himself". I think the core conflict of Barbosa lies in a certain lack of maturity. Capt Barbosa is the "there, but for the grace of God go I" shadow of Jack Sparrow. If he hadn't marooned Jack first, the same fate would have befallen both. His impulsivity and lack of self-restraint was his undoing (as it often is for Jack also). In a sense, they're both childlike, immature.They are exactly the kind of pirates that a little boy would imagine. Jack is the brighter side; seeing piracy as freedom and unbounded play and exploration (go anywhere, do anything, and nobody else can order you around). Barbosa is the darker side; seeing piracy as an opportunity to take whatever he wants, inflict his whims on others without consequence, and take out his petty revenge on anyone and everyone he feels slighted by. Jack learns (at least a little) to grow up and care about the welfare of people around him, repaying good for good whereas Barbosa remains petulantly self-centered throughout, only repaying evil for evil.

It makes him a wonderful villain because he's so immediately understandable, his motivations so mundane, his character so obviously reprehensible that audiences can empathize with him without necessarily sympathizing with him.

As for Miss 'Turner'... You already said anything I might have thought up and more besides. Bravo, I have nothing to add regarding her.

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